Mobile Testing

	Native	Hybrid	React Native / Flutter	Mobile Web
Tech	Swift (iOS) / Kotlin (Android)	Cordova/Ionic wrap WebView	JS/Dart compile to native	Browser, any language
Performance	Best	Poor-Medium	Good	Depends on browser
Test Tools	XCTest, Espresso, Appium	Appium + WebView inspection	Detox (RN), Flutter Driver	Playwright/Selenium + DevTools
Test Challenges	Platform-specific bugs	WebView + native layer	Bridge latency, gesture events	Browser compatibility
Distribution	App Store / Play Store	App stores or PWA	App stores	URL — instant update

• InterruptionsĐang dùng app: (1) Incoming call → decline → app state preserved. (2) SMS notification → dismiss → back to app. (3) App goes to background (home button) → resume. Data không bị mất.
• Background/ForegroundApp in background 30 phút → foreground: auth session valid? Data refresh tự động? Loading state shown? (iOS có thể kill app khi memory pressure)
• Network ConditionsSwitch từ WiFi → 4G giữa chừng. Switch to Airplane Mode. 3G slow (200ms latency). Offline hoàn toàn → graceful error message, không crash.
• OrientationPortrait → Landscape mid-form: data preserved? Layout đúng? Video/image scale. Force portrait (nếu app chỉ support 1 orientation) → handle gracefully.
• KeyboardSoft keyboard che input field cuối form? Form scroll lên không? Keyboard dismiss khi tap outside? Return/Done key behavior đúng không?
• Battery & MemoryApp chạy nền có drain battery bất thường không? Sau 1 giờ sử dụng, memory có leak không? (Monitor với Instruments/Android Profiler)
• PermissionsCamera: deny → app show helpful message, không crash. Location: "Always" vs "While Using" vs "Deny" — behavior đúng cả 3 case. Notification: deny → app vẫn hoạt động core features.
• App UpdateUpdate từ v1.0 → v2.0: user data (preferences, login state) preserved. DB migration chạy đúng. Không force logout trừ khi absolutely necessary.
• Deep LinksClick link trong email/SMS → mở đúng screen trong app. Nếu app chưa install → redirect đúng App Store/Play Store.
• Push NotificationsTap notification: app closed → open đúng screen. App in background → bring to foreground, navigate đúng screen. App in foreground → in-app notification hoặc handle gracefully.

Priority	iOS	Android	Rationale
P1	iPhone 15 Pro (iOS 17), iPhone 13 (iOS 16)	Pixel 7 (Android 14), Samsung S23 (Android 13)	Latest OS, high market share
P2	iPhone 12 (iOS 15), iPad (iPadOS 17)	Samsung A54 (mid-range), Android 12	Older OS users, tablet
P3	iPhone SE (small screen), iOS 15	Entry-level device, Android 11	Edge cases, older users

Real Device vs Emulator:

• Emulator/Simulator tốt cho: Quick functional check, fast iteration, free, CI integration, keyboard/touch emulation
• Real device bắt buộc cho: Performance testing, camera/NFC/biometrics, battery drain, actual network behavior, certify release candidate
• BrowserStack/AWS Device Farm: Cloud real devices — tốn tiền nhưng cover nhiều device types. Dùng cho release sign-off.

• Safe Area: Content không bị che bởi Dynamic Island (iPhone 14 Pro+), notch, home indicator ở dưới
• Face ID / Touch ID: Biometric authentication flow. Enroll → authenticate → bypass (passcode fallback)
• TestFlight: Distribution platform cho iOS beta. Test update notification, version management
• iOS keyboard shortcuts: Undo (shake), cut/copy/paste magnifier, keyboard accessory bar
• iCloud Sync: Data sync giữa iPhone và iPad nếu app support
• App Store Guidelines: In-app purchases phải qua Apple (30% commission), certain content restrictions
• Privacy labels: App Store privacy "nutrition labels" phải accurate với actual data collection

• Back button: Android hardware/gesture back — navigate trong app stack, hoặc background app. Không bao giờ crash.
• APK Sideloading: Install APK directly (debug builds) → test không cần Play Store. adb install app.apk
• ADB Commands cho QA:
  • adb devices — list connected devices
  • adb logcat — view device logs realtime
  • adb shell input text "hello" — input text
  • adb screencap /sdcard/screenshot.png — take screenshot
• Fragmentation: Android runs trên 1000s of device models với customized UI (Samsung One UI, Xiaomi MIUI). Test trên Samsung nếu target market là Asia.
• Storage Permissions: Android 13+ granular storage permissions thay vì single READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
• Battery Optimization: Android có thể kill background processes để tiết kiệm pin — test app behavior khi bị killed

• BrowserStack App LiveReal device cloud, 3000+ devices. Upload APK/IPA và test directly. Session recording, device logs. Nhất cho cross-device testing.
• Xcode SimulatoriOS simulator (macOS only). Nhanh, free. Limitation: không test camera, NFC, actual network. Tốt cho development và initial QA.
• Android Studio EmulatorAVD Manager — create virtual devices với bất kỳ Android version. Chậm hơn real device, Google Play services có thể thiếu.
• Charles Proxy / ProxymanIntercept HTTP/HTTPS traffic từ device. Debug API calls, mock responses, test offline behavior bằng cách block endpoints.
• Appium InspectorInspect UI elements của native app để viết automation locators. Chạy trên top của Appium server.
• Firebase Test LabGoogle's cloud device testing — real Android devices, automated test (Espresso/Robo), free tier có sẵn.